The tilt angle with the horizon (with respect to the ground) of the solar energy system\naffects the amount of solar radiation received. This paper suggests a simple and universal method to\nobtain the optimum tilt angles by estimating the monthly mean daily global solar radiation on tilted\nsurfaces facing directly towards the equator, which is based on monthly average daily global solar\nradiation data produced from Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data. The monthly, seasonal, and\nyearly optimum tilt angles for photovoltaic panels are calculated at six stations of different climatic\ntypes (Tropical Zone (TZ), Subtropical Zone (SZ), Warm Temperate Zone (WTZ), Mid Temperate\nZone (MTZ), Cold Temperate Zone (CTZ) and Tibetan Plateau Zone (TPZ)). The results indicate that\nchanging the monthly, seasonal, and yearly optimum tilt angles causes a significant yearly gain in the\nsolar radiation for the region. In addition, general correlations are generated to estimate the optimum\ntilt angle of solar collectors at six typical climatic stations of China. The performances of the proposed\nmodels are compared using statistical error tests such as the mean absolute bias error (MABE), the\nroot mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficients (R).
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